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      <h1 class="f1 athelas mt3 mb1">名词解释Ⅰ</h1>
      
      
      <time class="f6 mv4 dib tracked" datetime="2020-09-18T12:34:11+08:00">September 18, 2020</time>

      
      
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    <div class="nested-copy-line-height lh-copy serif f4 nested-links nested-img mid-gray pr4-l w-two-thirds-l"><h2 id="computerhttpsenwikipediaorgwikicomputer"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer">Computer</a></h2>
<p>A <strong>computer</strong> is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming. Modern computers have the ability to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs. These programs enable computers to perform an extremely wide range of tasks. A &ldquo;complete&rdquo; computer including the hardware, the operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment required and used for &ldquo;full&rdquo; operation can be referred to as a computer system. This term may as well be used for a group of computers that are connected and work together, in particular a computer network or computer cluster.</p>
<p><img src="https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFvHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=1841850520,2107433108&amp;fm=26&amp;gp=0.jpg" alt="computer"></p>
<h2 id="computer-sciencehttpsss0bdstaticcom70cfvhsh_q1ynxgkpowk1hf6hhyitu18418505202107433108fm26gp0jpg"><a href="https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFvHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=1841850520,2107433108&amp;fm=26&amp;gp=0.jpg">Computer Science</a></h2>
<p><strong>Computer science</strong> is the study of computation and information. Computer science deals with theory of computation, algorithms, computational problems and the design of computer systems hardware, software and applications. Computer science addresses both human-made and natural information processes, such as communication, control, perception, learning and intelligence especially in human-made computing systems and machines.</p>
<p><img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&amp;quality=80&amp;size=b9999_10000&amp;sec=1600499363541&amp;di=43e2cdd9ae47721d15ca76cd9ec07af6&amp;imgtype=0&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china-us.com%2Fuploadfiles%2F2012%2F10%2F15%2F121334un.jpg" alt="Computer science"></p>
<h2 id="softwarehttpsenwikipediaorgwikisoftware"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software">Software</a></h2>
<p><strong>Computer software</strong>, or simply software, is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. Computer software includes computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data, such as online documentation or digital media. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own.</p>
<p><img src="https://ss3.bdstatic.com/70cFv8Sh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=3499089001,1404692466&amp;fm=26&amp;gp=0.jpg" alt="software"></p>
<h2 id="software-engineeringhttpsenwikipediaorgwikisoftware_engineering"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering">Software Engineering</a></h2>
<p><strong>Software engineering</strong> is the systematic application of engineering approaches to the development of software. Software engineering is a computing discipline.</p>
<p><img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&amp;quality=80&amp;size=b9999_10000&amp;sec=1600499798584&amp;di=bb80ade2a22994f46b45c5604488d269&amp;imgtype=0&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.innovation4.cn%2FUploadFile%2FToutiao%2Fimage%2F2018-09-00933.jpg%3Ft%3D636728577773125000" alt="Software Engineering"></p>
<h2 id="alan-turinghttpsenwikipediaorgwikialan_turing"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_turing">Alan Turing</a></h2>
<p><strong>Alan Mathison Turing</strong> (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer.</p>
<p><img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&amp;quality=80&amp;size=b9999_10000&amp;sec=1600499883842&amp;di=670571fbc02342f05766eee53d5aebf1&amp;imgtype=0&amp;src=http%3A%2F%2Fp3.ssl.cdn.btime.com%2Ft01d16030edfebec71c.jpg%3Fsize%3D526x300" alt="Alan Turing"></p>
<h2 id="moores-lawhttpsenwikipediaorgwikimoores_law"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/moore's_law">Moore&rsquo;s law</a></h2>
<p><strong>Moore&rsquo;s law</strong> is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit (IC) doubles about every two years. Moore&rsquo;s law is an observation and projection of a historical trend. Rather than a law of physics, it is an empirical relationship linked to gains from experience in production.</p>
<p><img src="https://ss1.bdstatic.com/70cFvXSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=3407404323,1648360460&amp;fm=26&amp;gp=0.jpg" alt="Moore&rsquo;s law"></p>
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